ICAO performance-based navigation (PBN) specifies that aircraft required navigation performance (RNP) and area navigation (RNAV) systems performance requirements be defined in terms of
accuracy,
integrity,
availability,
continuity,
and functionality
required for the proposed operations in the context of a particular airspace, when supported by the appropriate navigation infrastructure.[1]
Historically, aircraft navigation specifications have been specified directly in terms of sensors (navigation beaconsand/or waypoints).
تا کنون ناوبری بر اساس عملکرد سنسورها بوده است.یعنی Beacon ها و waypoint ها
A navigation specification that includes an additional requirement for on-board navigation performance monitoring and alerting is referred to as a required navigation performance (RNP) specification.
تعریفی از RNP
مشخصه بارز آن این است که به تجهیزات اضافی نیازمند می باشد.
One not having such requirements is referred to as an area navigation (RNAV) specification.
حال به سیستمی که به تجهیزات اضافی نیاز نداشته باشد ،در حوزه RNAV خواهد بود.
Performance requirements are identified in navigation specifications,
which also identify the choice of navigation sensors and equipment that may be used to meet the performance requirements.
The navigation specifications provide specific implementation guidance in order to facilitate global harmonisation.
Under PBN, generic navigation requirements are first defined based on the operational requirements.
Civil aviation authorities then evaluate options in respect of available technology and navigation services.
مراجع صلاحیت دار مانند سازمان هواپیمایی کشوری ، گزینه ها را مورد ارزیابی می نمایند ، با توجه به تکنولوژی و سرویس های ناوبری
A chosen solution would be the most cost-effective for the civil aviation authority, as opposed to a solution being established as part of the operational requirements.
راه حل انتخاب شده ، مقرون به صرفه ترین خواهد بود زیرا ...
Technology can evolve over time without requiring the operation itself to be revisited as long as the requisite performance is provided by the RNAV or RNP system.
requisite : لازم است
PBN offers a number of advantages over
the sensor-specific method of developing airspace and
obstacle clearance criteria:
مزایای PBN :
1- reduces the need to maintain sensor-specific routes and procedures, and their costs.
- کاهش نیاز به تعمیرات و هزینه های این کار.
- For example, moving a single VOR can impact dozens of procedures, as a VOR can be used on routes, VOR approaches, missed approaches, etc.
- برای مثال با حذف VOR چند مورد از نیازمندی های مربوط به تعمیر و نگهداری VOR از بین می رود. در روت ها ، در اپروچ و ...
- Adding new sensor-specific procedures would compound this cost, and the rapid growth in available navigation systems would soon make sensor-specific routes and procedures unaffordable;
- unaffordable : مقرون به صرفه نبودن
2- avoids the need for developing sensor-specific operations with each new evolution of navigation systems, which would be cost-prohibitive.
clarifies how RNAV systems are used; and
facilitates the operational approval process for civil aviation authorities by providing a limited set of navigation specifications intended for global use.
Within an airspace, PBN requirements will be affected by the
To achieve the efficiency and capacity gains partially enabled by RNAV and RNP, the FAA will pursue use of data communications and enhanced surveillance functionality.[2]
When separation minima and route spacing are determined using a conventional sensor-based approach, the navigation performance data used to determine the separation minima or route spacing depend on the accuracy of the raw data from specific navigation aids such as VOR, DME or NDB.
In contrast, PBN requires an RNAV system that integrates raw navigation data to provide a positioning and navigation solution.
In determining separation minima and route spacing, this integrated navigation performance "output" is used.
The navigation performance required from the RNAV system is part of the navigation specification.
To determine separation minima and route spacing, airspace planners fully exploit that part of the navigation specification which describes the performance required from the RNAV system.
Airspace planners also make use of the required performance
(accuracy,
integrity,
availability and
continuity)
to determine route spacing and separation minima.
In procedurally controlled airspace, separation minima and route spacing on RNP specifications are expected to provide a greater benefit than those based on RNAV specifications.
This is because the
on-board performance monitoring and
alerting function
could alleviate the absence of ATS surveillance service by
providing an alternative means of risk mitigation.
alleviate :تسکین دادن
mitigation :کاهش دادن
