در این پست به تشریح مواردی در مورد چک های هواپیما می پردازیم.
در ابتدا ذکر چند واژه :
maintenance review board (MRB)
CAMP(continuous airworthiness maintenance program ) :
determines the amount of time between aircraft inspection.
the area under inspection:
قسمت هایی که در هواپیما مورد بازبینی قرار می گیرد:
fuselage,
wings,
tail,
landing gear
engines,
communications systems,
instruments,
electrical components,
also sign of corrosion , metal fatigue
leaking
faulty component
انواع چک ها در هواپیما :
checks : A-B-C-D
A--> 500 (flight hours )+ can be completed over night at airport gate
can be delayed in certain conditions
B--> more extensive than A but also can be done overnight
C--> require hanger or repair station + every 12-18 month
D--> every 4-5 years + every thing will be inspected , repaired , replaced,...
انواع چک ها به نقل از ویکی پدیا :
A check
This is performed approximately
every 400-600 flight hours or
200–300 cycles
تعریف سایکل :
(takeoff and landing is considered an aircraft "cycle"),
depending on aircraft type.[4]
It needs about 50-70 man-hours and is usually
on the ground in a hangar for a minimum of 10 hours.
The actual occurrence of this check varies by
aircraft type,
the cycle count, or
the number of hours flown since the last check.
در شرایط خاصی چک A ممکن است از طرف ایرلاین به تاخیر بیافتد.
The occurrence can be delayed by the airline if certain predetermined conditions are met.
B check
This is performed approximately
every 6-8 months.
It needs about 160-180 man-hours,
depending on the aircraft,
and is usually completed within 1–3 days at an airport hangar.
A similar occurrence schedule applies to the B check as to the A check.
However, B checks are increasingly incorporated into successive A checks, i.e.:
Checks A-1 through A-10 complete all the B check items.[5]
C check
This is performed approximately
every 20–24 months or
a specific amount of actual flight hours (FH) or
as defined by the manufacturer.
This maintenance check is much more extensive than a B check,
requiring a large majority of the aircraft's components to be inspected.
This check puts the aircraft out of service,
در این نوع چک هواپیما از سرویس دهی خارج می شود.
and the aircraft must not leave the maintenance site until it is completed.
It also requires more space than A and B checks.
It is, therefore, usually carried out in a hangar at a maintenance base.
The time needed to complete such a check is at least 1–2 weeks and the effort involved can require up to 6,000 man-hours.
3C check
Some authorities use a type of check, known as a 3C check or Intermediate Layover (IL),
which typically includes light structural maintenance,
including checks for
corrosion, or
on specific high-load parts of the airframe.
It may also be used as the opportunity for cabin upgrades
(for example,
new seats,
entertainment systems,
carpeting)
which would otherwise put the aircraft out of service for a significant time without the need for an inspection.
As component reliability has improved, some MROs now spread the workload across several C checks, or incorporate this 3C check into D checks instead.[7]
D check
The D check, sometimes known as a "heavy maintenance visit" (HMV)[8]
is by far the most comprehensive and demanding check for an airplane.
This check occurs approximately every 6-10 years.
It is a check that more or less takes the entire airplane apart for inspection and overhaul.
Even the paint may need to be completely removed for further inspection on the fuselage metal skin.
Such a check can generally take up to 50,000 man-hours
and 2 months to complete, depending on the aircraft and the number of technicians involved.
It also requires the most space of all maintenance checks,
and as such must be performed at a suitable maintenance base.
The requirements and the tremendous effort involved in this maintenance check make it by far the most expensive, with total costs for a single D check in the million-dollar range.[10]
Because of the
nature and
the cost of such a check, most airlines — especially those with a large fleet — have to plan D checks for their aircraft years in advance.
Often, older aircraft being phased out of a particular airline's fleet are either stored or scrapped upon reaching their next D check,
due to the high costs involved in comparison to the aircraft's value.
On average, a commercial aircraft undergoes three D checks before being retired.[citation needed]
هر هواپیما قبل از بازنشستگی به طور میانگین سه بار چک D را انجام می دهد.
Maintenance Review Board (US)
In the United States,
initial aircraft maintenance requirements are proposed in a Maintenance Review Board (MRB) report based on
Air Transport Association (ATA) publication MSG-3
(Maintenance Steering Group – 3rd Task Force).
Modern transport category airplanes with MSG-3-derived maintenance programs employ usage parameters for each maintenance requirement such as
flight hours,
calendar time, or
flight cycles.
Maintenance intervals based on usage parameters allow more flexibility in scheduling the maintenance program to optimize aircraft utilization and minimize aircraft downtime.
