پیرو پست های قبلی در این پست به بررسی 10 تعریف مربوط به فصل DEF از Air-Ops می پردازیم.

در میان ده مورد موجود در این پست موارد زیر کاربردی تر هستند :

(26) ‘Complex motor-powered aircraft’ 



(21) ‘Certification specifications’ (CS)

 means technical standards adopted by the CAO.IRI indicating means to show compliance with ’BR’ and its Implementing Rules and which can be used by an organisation for the purpose of certification;


 (22) ‘Circling’

means the visual phase of an instrument approach to bring an aircraft into position for landing on a runway/FATO that is not suitably located for a straight-in approach;

FATO : final approach and take of area



(23) ‘Clearway’ 

(a) For aeroplanes means a defined rectangular area on the ground or water under the control of the appropriate authority, selected or prepared as a suitable over which an aeroplane may make a portion of its initial climb to a specified height; 


(b) For helicopters means a defined area on the ground or water under the control of the appropriate authority, selected and/ or prepared as a suitable area over which a performance class 1 helicopter may accelerate and achieve a specific height.


(24) ‘Cloud base’ 

means the height of the base of the lowest observed or forecast cloud element in the vicinity of an aerodrome or operating site or within a specified area of operations, normally measured above aerodrome elevation or, in the case of offshore operations, above mean sea level; 


(24a) ’Ceiling’

The height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 6000 metres (20000 feet) covering more than half the sky.


(25) ‘Code share’ 

means an arrangement under which an operator places its designator code on a flight operated by another operator, and sells and issues tickets for that flight; 


designator code : Forexample for iran is EP.



(26) ‘Complex motor-powered aircraft’ 

(a) An aeroplane:

 With a maximum certificated take off mass 

exceeding 5700 kg or 

Certificated for a maximum passenger seating configuration of 

more than 19, or

Certificated for operation with a minimum crew of 

at least two pilots, or

 Equipped with 

(a) turbojet engine(s) or 

more than one turboprop engine. 


(b) A helicopter:

 For a maximum take off mass exceeding 3175 kg, or For a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine, or For operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots. 


(27) ‘Congested area’ 

means in relation to a city, town or settlement, any area which is substantially used for 

residential, commercial or recreational purposes;

recreational : تفریحی

residential : مسکونی


(28) ‘Contaminated runway’ 

means a runway of which more than 25 % of the runway surface area within the required length and width being used is covered by the following:


(a) surface water more than 3 mm (0.125 in) deep, or

 by slush, or loose snow, 

equivalent to more than 3 mm (0.125 in) of water;


(b) snow which has been compressed into a solid mass which resists further compression and will hold together or break into lumps if picked up (compacted snow); or


 (c) ice, including wet ice;


 (29) ‘Contingency fuel’ 

means the fuel required to compensate for unforeseen factors that could have an influence on the fuel consumption to the destination aerodrome;

Contingency : احتمالی



(30) ‘Continuous Descent Final Approach (CDFA)’

means a technique, consistent with stabilised approach procedures, for flying the final-approach segment of a non-precision instrument approach procedure as a continuous descent, without level-off, from an altitude/height at or above the final approach fix altitude/height to a point approximately 15 m (50 ft) above the landing runway threshold or the point where the flare manoeuvre shall begin for the type of aircraft flown;