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(111) ‘Separate runways’ 

means runways at the same aerodrome that are separate landing surfaces. 

These runways may overlay or cross in such a way that if one of the runways is blocked, it will not prevent the planned type of operations on the other runway. 

Each runway shall have a separate approach procedure based on a separate navigation aid; 



(112) ‘Special VFR flight’ 

means a VFR flight cleared by air traffic control to

operate within a control zone in meteorological conditions below VMC; 

(According to Iran AIP, ENR 1.2.3); 


(113) ‘Stabilised Approach (SAp)’ 

means an approach that is flown in a controlled and appropriate manner in terms of configuration, energy and control of the flight path from a pre-determined point or altitude/height down to a point 50 ft above the threshold or the point where the flare manoeuvre is initiated if higher; 


(114) ‘Take-off alternate aerodrome’ 

means an alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft can land should this become necessary shortly after take-off and if it is not possible to use the aerodrome of departure; 


(115) ‘Take-off decision point (TDP)’ 

means the point used in determining take-off performance from which, an engine failure having been recognised at this point, either a rejected take-off may be made or a take-off safely continued; 


(116) ‘Take-off distance available (TODA)’ 

in the case of aeroplanes means the length of the take-off run available plus the length of the clearway, if provided; 



(117) ‘Take-off distance available (TODAH)’ 

in the case of helicopters means the length of the final approach and take-off area plus, if provided, the length of helicopter clearway declared available and suitable for helicopters to complete the take-off; 


(118) ‘Take-off distance required (TODRH)’ 

in the case of helicopters means the horizontal distance required from the start of the take-off to the point at which take-off safety speed (VTOSS), a selected height and a positive climb gradient are achieved, following failure of the critical engine being recognised at the TDP, the remaining engines operating within approved operating limits; 


(119) ‘Take-off flight path’ 

means the vertical and horizontal path, with the critical engine inoperative, from a specified point in the take-off for aeroplanes to 1500 ft above the surface and for helicopters to 1000 ft above the surface; 


(120) ‘Take-off mass’ 

means the mass including everything and everyone carried at the commencement of the take-off for helicopters and take-off run for aeroplanes;