همان طور که بیان شد ، یکی از فصل های  Air-Ops مربوط به تعاریف می باشد.

در این پست سعی می کنیم  شماره 1 تا 10 (از مجموع 131 تعریف)  را آورده و در صورت نیاز ، توضیحاتی بدهیم:


(1) ‘Accelerate-Stop Distance Available (ASDA)’


 means the          length of the take-off run available

 plus

                              the length of stopway, 


if such stop way is declared available by the State of the aerodrome and is capable of bearing the mass of the aeroplane under the prevailing operating conditions; 





(2) ‘Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC)’

 means non-binding standards adopted by the CAO.IRI to illustrate means to establish compliance with Basic Regulation ‘BR’ and its Implementing Rules; 

در سایت EASA در مورد AMC   اینگونه بیان می شود :


Since the establishment of ICAO and the beginning of the regulation of civil aviation safety, complexity and density of aviation operations have not ceased to increase, together with the array of technological choices available.

The complexity of the aviation sector makes it impossible to regulate aviation without having different levels of regulatory text.

در مقابل پیچیدگی و وجود سطوح مختلف در هواپیمایی چاره ای جز طبقه بندی قوانین نیست.


 While in some cases it is appropriate, and even necessary, to use binding rules (Regulations), in other cases some flexibility needs to be provided by the regulatory system, through the use of non-binding standards (soft law). 


در حالی که در بسیاری از موارد اجرای محض قوانین الزامی است ، در شرایطی ، باید نوعی انعطاف پذیری وجود داشته باشد. که به آن Non- Binding Standards  می گویند.


In the EASA system, three main levels of Regulatory material exist:


قوانین EASA در سه سطح موجود می باشد:

  • The Basic Regulation itself, adopted by the European Parliament and the Council, binding in all its elements.
  • Implementing Rules to the Basic Regulation, adopted by the European Commission; and
  • Certification Specifications (CS), Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and Guidance Material (GM), adopted by the Agency.

AMCs are non-binding standards adopted by EASA to illustrate means to establish compliance with the Basic Regulation and its Implementing Rules.

استانداردهای تصویب شده توسط EASA جهت در اختیار داشتن یک مرجع برای رسیدن به سطح تطابق با قوانین بنیادی (BR)  و قوانین پیاده سازی شده ( Implementing )

مطالعه بیشتر



(3) ‘Acceptance checklist’ 

means a document used to assist in carrying out a check on the external appearance of packages of dangerous goods and their associated documents to determine that all appropriate requirements have been met with; 



(4) ‘Adequate aerodrome’

 means an aerodrome on which the aircraft can be operated, taking account of the applicable performance requirements and runway characteristics; 



(5) For the purpose of passenger classification:


 (a) ‘Adult’

 means a person of an age of 12 years and above; 


(b) ‘Child/children’ 

means persons who are of an age of two years and above but who are less than 12 years of age;


 (c) ‘Infant’ 

means a person under the age of two years;


 (6) ‘Aeroplane’

means an engine-driven fixed-wing aircraft heavier than air that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings; 



(7) ‘Aided Night Vision Imaging system (NVIS) flight’ 

means, in the case of NVIS operations, that portion of a visual flight rules (VFR) flight performed at night when a crew member is using night vision goggles (NVG);

goggles : عینک آفتابی


 (8) ‘Aircraft’

 means a machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth’s surface; 


(8a) ‘Aircraft tracking’ 

means a ground based process that maintains and updates, at standardised intervals, a record of the four dimensional position of individual aircraft in flight

عملیاتی بر روی زمین که به طور مدام و پیوسته ، مختصات یک هواپیمای در حال پرواز  را ردیابی می کند.


(8b) ‘Aircraft tracking system’ 

means a system that relies on aircraft tracking in order to identify abnormal flight behaviour and provide alert; 


(9) ‘Alternative Means of Compliance’ 

means those means that propose an alternative to an existing acceptable means of compliance or those that propose new means to establish compliance with ‘BR’and its Implementing Rules for which no associated AMC have been adopted by the CAO.IRI;

استاندار های جایگزینی (نسبت به AMC) که می تواند در جهت رسیدن به مرحله ی (تطابق با قوانین بنیادی)  مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.



(10) ‘Anti-icing’,

in the case of ground procedures, means a procedure that provides protection against the formation of frost or ice and accumulation of snow on treated surfaces of the aircraft for a limited period of time (hold-over time);

با توجه به آنچه که در سایت SkyBrary تشریح شده است ، منظور از Hold Over مدت زمانی است که مایع روی بدنه یا سطوح مختلف هواپیما از یخ زدن آن جلوگیری می نماید.